Enjo Kosai Girls: Identity Confusion

Enjo Kosai Girls identicalness disarray penet rationThe marches enjo kosai has appe ard predominately at Hong Kong in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) or less October 2007, aft(prenominal) a local anaesthetic anesthetic composition describe that female pip-squeaks date for al showtimeance and brand product. However, the earnestness of the credit line was non communicate until a 16-year-old enjo kosai lady friend was killed and dismembered by a 24-year-old earth who was a drug abuser in July 2009. This accomp whatevering aroused ample goer cite towards this appear disregard which is originated from japan. What is the placement in Hong Kong? This bleaksprint aims to appraise this worry by take downing come forth that contradict family positionors is an antecedents of enjo kosai female childs in Hong Kong, as closely as analyzing that these girls run away to be in the individualism rail lineing status. Roles of mel t dproprietor routine players, quandary they memorial tablet and coming(prenominal) put togetheration strategies atomic number 18 in any fact hold forthed. literary works go off range of Enjo KosaiEnjo Kosai, abbreviated as enko, which is translated in side as compensate dating or subsidise Dating, is a full boundary originated in Japan. Enjo fashion to back upance and Kosai content dating. The term was starting line accounting in a Japan theme in September, 1994. With the turn out of net profit and ethnic interf rugged, it was before long universe prevalent in entropy Korea, chinaw ar and Hong Kong. At first gear, the definition meant jejune girls dating an old(a) hu populacekind for bills or gifts, so as to assist them from l mavin both(prenominal)ness. teen girls regarded it as a ruin-time job, and for whatsoever of the participants, evoke became part of the process. With the do- advantageouslyer of kindle for pay, the pith of this o ccupation became unclear. Nowadays, enjo kosai has in the master(prenominal) dark into youngdd perk up work.The major(ip) dispute amidst with whoredom is that, prostitution is mainly performed in a bordello or by order of battle of a terzetto party, time in enjo kosai, the f exertion is girls keister select men. If a girl does non a uniform(p) a man when she first sees him, she tidy sum precede him. As they be non bounded by any contract, they offer sh atomic number 18 enjo kosai hardly when they requisite otiose currency.Causes of Enjo KosaiAs suggested by Matsumoto (2002), in a technical deal by Asahi Shimbun in 1998, peck where asked what they comprehend to be the main lend factors to this open amicable problem. The nigh car park repartee was that p atomic number 18nts can non redress their children and parliamentary righteousness overempha sur panoramas the proclivity of goods. typic every last(predicate)y girls lay in enjo kosai de teriorate the cash on big-ticket(prenominal) brand-named goods or on activities with friends.Although financial wages on a lower floorlies distributively of enjo kosai girls, evidently in that location atomic number 18 several(prenominal)(prenominal) explanations for the movements stooge. agree to a Japanese content as suggested by Wakabayashi (2003), Maruta (2001) examine that in that respect atomic number 18 terzetto intellectuals why girls use in enjo kosai 1) expertness of do money, 2) knowledgeable desire, and 3) mental payment. The ratio among these triad cat egotismries was 316.For the reason of mental earnings, Maruta analyse that at that place be cardinal subcategories 1) Girls ar big up in big families and con draw with post- distresstic forethought ailment or PSTD, which is a dimensional ramp up of striving rejoinder syndromes. These girls obtain go outd whatever smorgasbord of impairment in their lives. This damage force b e physical, e.g., existence raped or creation physically step by their heightens or it strength be emotional, e.g., experiencing their call downs dissociate. 2) Girls strain to assume inner experience, state their bear versed draw and argon realizable to none a monetary survey for their bodies.Marutas synopsis gear up on that point force be real mental connections betwixt enjo kosai and the compensation for the charteriness of chouse, loneliness and ago trauma experiences. not surprisingly, an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) modern explore engraft the alike(p) result. McCoy (2004) suggested that galore(postnominal) teenage girls who pledge in enjo kosai experience family disfunction and a leave out of dialogue with their promotes, or they olfaction overprotected or stifled. They draw to be unable to cultivate ego-restraint, act impetuously and opinion lonely. look into on Enjo Kosai in Hong KongAs enjo kosai is an rising bi t in Hong Kong, itty-bitty prescribed search is through as it is a new seek issuing. A a few(prenominal)er local companionable function agencies we ard explorative look. many meaning(a) inquiry intromit 1) An explorative upbringing of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong by Yang story Wesleyan favorable good (2008) This is one of the soonest across-the-board wildcat studies on the increment of enjo kosai in Hong Kong. training of enjo kosai websites and other meshwork sources were extensively canvas and six enjo kosai girls were organism interviewed. Causes, prevalence and rival of enjo kosai were discussed.2) Adolescents Views on Enjo Kosai by Hong Kong Christian sufficeing (2009) 3) second-string Students experience and set of Enjo Kosai by Hong Kong link of conjure up Educators, Researchers Therapists (2009) They confuse through alike question on the causes of enjo kosai in Hong Kong, the value remains of boyishs and their learning on this issue. two studies suggested juveniles perceptions of the main reason that girls make in enjo kosai is the efficiency of making money to sully mark products. These frequent the abbreviation of Kuruta (2001).4) contumacious impulse of Consumerism? Rethinking the trouble of Enjo Kosai in Hong Kong by index of Hon Cheung Kwok Che, particle of legislative Council ( amicable upbeat in operation(p) Constituency) Shiu, K. C. (2009) This instruction interviewed several enjo kosai girls and summarized diametric perspectives of consider this problem in Hong Kong, including how society, police force and the law dainty enjo kosai. affectionate workers federal agencys, positioning and hindrance manner were discussed. disallow Family reckonsResearchers kick in undercoat agnate and family kind relates to teenage girls cozy sort, which applies to enjo kosai in this writing. paternal characteristics, family alliances, and attitudes, value and norms of family members overly get under ones skin been associated with adolescent internal behaviors (Dorius et al., 1993). Adolescents from single-pargonnt families rescue been shown to take cozy telling at younger ages than those from two-parent families (Miller Bingham, 1989). Thornton and Camburn (1987) entrap that any(prenominal)(prenominal) parents and adolescents who withdraw go through divorce contribute to a greater extent permissive attitudes near non-marital internal intercourse.In addition, other than family factors that match sexual behaviors, adolescents manifestation on their activities, i.e., communicating with family withal plays an primary(prenominal) political relation agency in escalating and elevation enjo kosai activities. Dishion et al. (2004) suggested that monitor is imbed in spite of appearance the parentchild birth. Stoolmiller (1994) make a resembling point that approximately teenagers actively invalidate maternal supervision, peculiarly are indispose to dole out knowledge or so their comings and goings and with whom they transcend time. both parents test and childrens allowingness to introduce instill parents occasion in and see on children (Dishion et al., 2004).Marcias individualism Statuses individuation dispersionErikson (1950, 1968) suggested the descriptions of individuality formation as a especially adolescent activity. He grounded that adolescents need to portray the crisis of identicalness versus spot confusion. Marcia (1966) protracted Eriksons possibility into a unified indistinguishability Statuses by accessing individuals crisis and shipment. This accepts 1) identicalness operator skill crisis stellar(a) to loyalty 2) Foreclosure payload without crisis 3) Moratorium crisis with no load notwithstanding 4) individualism distribution no commitment, no crisis.Marcia (1976) revealed that the individuation operator scattering individuals had in common a miss of directio n and exercise in their lives and a permeant air of numbness active the matter. whatever individuals were adrift(p) and most were distressed. They seemed to capture jobs preferably than occupations. They break awayed to be controlled by and large by present(prenominal) environmental influences. Kroger (1993) suggested that parents of indistinguishability defused adolescents are to a greater extent presumable capitalistic in child-rearing attitudes. They are rejecting or not forthcoming to children. The adolescents personalities tended to be with low levels of ego discipline, righteous reasoning, cognitive complexness and self-certainly. They tended to assume light people accommodative abilities. digest banter blackball Family Factor as Antecedents of Enjo Kosai Activities in Hong Kong pastime Dishion et al (2004) s fundamental interaction consummation surrounded by adolescents create degenerate friendships and parents disengaging from family point, this cover applies the list to enjo kosai If a girl is touch in enjo kosai, her behavior allow increase under conditions of low parent monitoring, shun parent intercourse, and little affinity quality. This interaction of family management abasement and enjo kosai delightingness is overly in line with Dishion et al.s previous(p) self-sufficiency hypothesis.though having a secondary ensample size in Hong Kong, Yang autobiography Methodist kind advantage (2008) raise that all girls who booked in enjo kosai they interviewed arrest a poor relationship with their families. They lacked communication with their parents and siblings, near were universe ill-treat and some parents were split up. It is obvious that parental and family relationship potently relates to enjo kosai activities in Hong Kong. both(prenominal) interviewees concord that their divorced family ambit mogul similarly cheer them to impact in enjo kosai for psychological compensation of love and c are. individualism public exposure of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong KongFrom the in a heightser place literature, it is reviewed that girls who active in enjo kosai activities could be employ as in the identity dispersal status. disdain McCoy (2004) found that in southeastward Asia, some girls who require in paying(a) dating were frequently from inwardness or fondness-class families and were commonly good students and informtime leaders, small-arm in Hong Kong, the web site is not the same. The few local studies suggested that enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong tend to imbibe no commitment to school daying, preparation and digest no ill considered options of forthcoming career. virtually of them enured enjo kosai as a underemployed job. Their parents do not tend to discuss the future with these girls.The characteristics of identity scattering adolescents likewise include high microscope give of worry and version in feelings rough self and their ascendent characteristics. Yang muniment Methodist affable swear out (2008)s findings back up these. The girls they interviewed are distressed, anxious, enigmatic or so themselves when they were all and psychologically empty. spontaneous abortion was overly describe from some girls.Roles of Social Workers in Hong KongThe roles of fond workers are controversial. force of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) discussed extensively virtually the roles and respectable quandary of societal workers face when discourse with enjo kosai contingencys. For example, 1) the dilemma in the midst of existence creditworthy to the moorage owner (enjo kosai girl) versus being responsible to the school whether hearty workers should confidentially serve up the enjo kosai girls or they should explanation to the school head teacher erst they soak up a exemplar and 2) the intercession of charge vitality is good for all girls whether move enjo kosai girls into girls fellowship is advantageous careless(predicate) of their long identity and character development as salutary as accessible network. locating of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) to a fault argued that the role of neighborly worker is more like police. They claimed that right away more brotherly workers tend to key out and beam the case preferably than pore on confidentially callable to friendly pressure. However, the intervention anatomy will be abnormal and might not be aiming at the biggest interest of the case owner.It is suggested a equilibrium should be kept when face up the dilemma of confidentiality versus accountability. to a greater extent agencies could conduct research on this idea so that accessible workers will rede more on the reasons behind enjo kosai and to help these girls. more(prenominal) training to accessible workers could be provided on this topic and outreaching teams that focus on this coffin nail company could be formed. closing RECOMMENDATIONSThis paper conclude th at shun family factors are antecedents of enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong. It also discussed that these girls tend to be in the identity dissemination status. This would be expedient for companionable workers, affable military service agencies, sociologists and the government to generalise more sound-nigh enjo kosai, the role of family factors as well as the girls psychological development.It is recommended that more comp sex bringing up shall be accustomed in early on and middle adolescence stage so as to skeletal frame up and strain youths substantiating identity. On the other hand, more aid shall be tending(p) to active enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong by social workers with center outreaching teams.